Capital One Case Study Essay

In customer loaning, each item is advancing a similar way as Visas toward enormous, national-scale consolidators supplanting neighborhood, up close and personal loaning. That advancement has occurred in charge cards. It’s well under route in car fund, home loans, and home value. Its coming all the more gradually in portion loaning. So purchaser loaning, a significant piece of the advantage side of banking, is all streaming toward national consolidators like Capital One. - RICHARD D. FAIRBANK, CEO AND CHAIRMAN, CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION’ Joined Kingdom, the Hfs Group, to reinforce its Global Financial administrations (GFS) auxiliary in the British market. As of April 2005, it had adequate liquidity ($21 billion) and capital ($9.2 billion)4 to empower its well known brand to venture into new markets and take advantage of the privilege lucky breaks for gainful development. Despite the fact that the company’s obtaining of Hibernia in March 2005 gave it a chance to enter the quick creating Texas markets of Houston and Dallas, it may confront firm rivalry from other enormous acknowledge organizations, for example, Citigroup and J.P. Morgan. Capital One Financial Corporation is an expanded bank holding organization, with a 2005 market estimation of $18.92 billion. It gives an extent of money related administrations through its principle auxiliaries Capital One Bank, Capital One FS.B. (which offers buyer and business loaning and purchaser store items), and Capital One Auto Finance Inc (COAF). From a little nearby bankcard backer in 1995, the organization has changed itself into one of the biggest budgetary foundations in the United States by continuallyâ introducing a constant flow of items. It highlights one of the most perceived brands in the business, which it influences alongside its methodologies of direct promoting, chance examination, and data innovation to develop and broaden into different organizations. Positioned 206th in the Fortune 500 rundown in 2005,2 the organization has been progressively changing itself from a charge card organization to an establishment that gives banking and other monetary administrations to buyers. By January 2005, it was the 31st biggest store organization in the United States with $25.6 billion3 in enthusiasm bearing stores. Capital One has been on the way of enhancement from the late 1990s and has made three acquisitions somewhere in the range of 2004 and 2005: Onyx Acceptance Corporation, eSmartloan, and Hibernia National Bank. It has likewise gained a home value financier organization in the Capital One is the fifth biggest charge card supplier in the United States5 and probably the biggest backer of MasterCard and Visa Visas. It was established as a completely possessed auxiliary of Virginia-based Signet Bank when Richard D. Fairbank, CEO and executive of Capital One, was welcomed by the bank to head its bankcard division. It started its activities in 1953, that year MasterCard International was shaped. Fairbank and the previous bad habit executive of Capital One, Nigel Morris, understood that conventional banks offered advances without concentrating on the clients like investigating their hazard qualities. They concluded that by utilizing innovation and information mining strategies in the dynamic procedure of giving credit, the bank could charge the fitting financing costs all the more precisely and gain more prominent benefits. In 1994, Capital One was spun off from Signet as an open Mastercard organization and built up itself in McLean, Virginia. It had a first sale of stock of 7,125,000 portions of regular stock in the United States and Canada, at a cost of $16 per share,6 which was overseen by J.P. Morgan Securities Ine., Goldman, Sachs and Co. what's more, Barney Ine. It is a piece of the S&P 500 list, and furthermore exchanges on the New York Stock Exchange with the image COF ~ This case was composed by Susmita Nandi, under the heading of Sumit Kumar Chaudhuri, ICFAI Business School Case Development Center. It is expected to be :;: utilized as the reason for class conversation as opposed to illustrateâ either successful or ineffectual treatment of an administration circumstance. The case was accumulated from 25 distributed sources.  © 2005, ICFAI Business School Case Development Center. No piece of this distribution might be duplicated, put away, transmitted, imitated, or  © dispersed in any structure or medium at all without the authorization of the copyright proprietor. Somewhere in the range of 1994 and 2004, the organization developed at a yearly compound pace of 29 percent/both as far as its EPS and the quantity of clients. In 2004, its income were $1.5 billion, and the EPS was at $6.21.8 At the finish of 2004, the organization and its auxiliaries held 48.6 million records and $79.9 billion9 in oversaw advances extraordinary, which developed by 12 percent ($8.6 billion) over the earlier year (see Exhibit 1). It had 17,760 workers in March 2005. The bank offers 7,00010variations of its MasterCard and Visa cards, every one is tweaked to interest diverse client inclinations and needs by joining item highlights, for example, various foundations and hues, alongside shifted yearly rate rates, credit cutoff points, expenses, and rewards programs. Capital One’s evaluating system depends on the hazard level of its clients. It offers platinum and gold cards to its favored clients with superb record of loan repayment and a wide scope of made sure about and unbound cards to clients with restricted or poor financial record. The organization additionally gives a scope of purchaser items like automobile finanCing, contract administrations, credit protection, and home-value advances. Customizations of charge cards at Capital One are made with the help of its Information-Based Strategy (IBS), which uses advanced information mining strategies to coordinate its Visas (its mix of financing costs, expenses, rewards, and different conditions) with focused clients dependent on their FICO assessments, credit utilizes, and different parameters. IBS is the combination of one of the world’s biggest databases, data frameworks, an all around prepared group of investigators and analysts, and propelled scoring models. The company’s dynamic procedure is made productive by uniting showcasing, credit, hazard, and data innovation. It chooses its most beneficial clients and the proper rate by utilizing the thorough testing of econometric and time arrangement models. The FICO assessments of clients depends on the Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) scores, which are utilized to foresee installment hazard by taking a gander at a few factors, including financial record. The IBS framework utilizes FICO scores to partition its clients into three gatherings of super-prime (with amazing record of loan repayment), prime (normal financial record), and sub-prime (with poor or almost no financial record). Using IBS, the organization has had the option to find a gathering of understudies who were excluded from the mailing arrangements of other Mastercard organizations in light of the fact that these understudies, for the most part jobless and practically zero records as a consumer, were viewed as high hazard. Capital One’s procedure of sending charge card applications, which were customized to the requirements of these understudies, demonstrated powerful, as 70 percent of the applications were filled and sent back, in this way making another market for the organization. IBS has likewise helped Capital One stay away from clients who don't pay intrigue charges on advances. The charge-off rate (for awful obligation) of Capital One is the industry’s most reduced, and for 2004 was at 4.37 percent, contrasted with 5.32 percent in the earlier year. Capital One’s GFS fragment offers an arrangement of assorted items to both residential and worldwide shoppers. In the household advertise, the GFS fragment incorporates portion loaning, medicinal services account, contract loaning administrations, and independent venture loaning administrations. GFS has been on a development bend and in 2004, it represented 27 percent of Capital One’s all out oversaw advances, which are contained announced credits and wobbly sheet securitized advances. It additionally represents 14 percent of its income. Its global portfolio essentially comprises of Visa business in the United Kingdom and Canada, esteemed at $8.2 billion and $2.4 billion,12 separately. Capital One is the United Kingdom’s seventh biggest charge card guarantor, and among the main ten of the equivalent in Canada. In January 2005, the organization finished the customs to obtain a British value business firm called Hfs Group to reinforce its situation in the United Ki ngdom. Albeit Capital One had possessions in France and South Africa, it left these business sectors because of absence of development openings. Capital One produced solid income and advance development again in 2004, as it has every year since its first sale of stock ten years back. The organization is very much situated for proceeded with achievement in 2005 in both our Us. charge card and our developing and beneficial enhancement organizations. - RICHARD D. FAIRBANK, CHAIRMAN CAPITAL AND CEO, CORPORATION† ONE FINANCIAL Capital One developed at 30 percent14 (see Exhibit 2, on page 68) somewhere in the range of 1994 and 2004 by giving charge cards at alluring loan fees. The vast majority of its business is led by means of standard mail (garbage mail requesting), in spite of the fact that it likewise advertises its items through TV and Internet (http://www .capitalone.com). It extended its charge card tasks in Canada, Europe, and South Africa in the late 1990s. Simultaneously, the organization additionally made vital pushes toward broadening its portfolio by going into financing of cars and other engine vehicles, home loan and home value advances, protection, and other buyer loaning items. Albeit 60 percent of its complete oversaw advances is in its Mastercards business (see Exhibit 3, on page 68), the organization is bit by bit expanding its tasks in different business fragments. In 1998, Capital One purchased Amerifee, an organization that gave financing to elective medical procedures, for example, orthodontic, vision, and corrective strategies. It turned into a completely claimed auxiliary of Capital One in May 2001. Amerifee is a market chief known for introdu

The existence of homophobia or racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The presence of homophobia or prejudice - Essay Example In any case, this is a crude reasoning that ought to be censured in one accord since people are equivalent paying little mind to their skin shading, ethnicity or whatever other ridiculous ground that is utilized by exploitative people to segregate others. Skin shading ought not be utilized as a ground of deciding how much regard an individual ought to get. Bigotry is accepted to be incited by various reasons. Nonetheless, the four primary driver incorporate generalizing, natural components, newness, and narrow-mindedness (Fredrickson, 2011). Marking of different races and networks as second rate through the radio, TV, in the web and through books among different stages prompts separation and unjustifiable treatment of the focused on networks. Generalization is compelling particularly whenever acquainted with youngsters (kids) where a kid may be presented to bogus claims of a specific gathering made by his or network along these lines developing accepting that all individuals from the supposed network are that way. Newness is additionally a typical wellspring of bigotry in the cutting edge world (Fredrickson, 2011). Individuals have a propensity of dreading what is new to them or what they don't catch. Sources show that there is a high probability for an individual to oppress another network that the person has never lived in or doesn't see completely. This circumstance is for the most part filled by different components like negative generalizations or marking that an individual may have gotten in the past against the focused on network or gathering (Fredrickson, 2011). In this manner, coordination of societies is profoundly fitting especially in the beginning periods of youngster advancement like in schools. Guardians, gatekeepers and the general public when all is said in done have a task to carry out in endeavor to kill this issue by counterbalancing bogus generalizations that youngsters may experience while growing up. Another major and clear wellspring of prejudice is narrow-mindedness since now and again individuals are very childish

What Is a Hard Credit Check

What Is a Hard Credit Check What Is a Hard Credit Check? What Is a Hard Credit Check?Hard credit inquiries occur when you are applying for new credit and can only be run with your express permission.No credit check loans can help people with poor credit and meager savings obtain short-term financing when their car breaks down or they find themselves hit with a surprise medical bill. Unlike standard personal loans, these are bad credit loans that don’t perform a “hard” check on an applicant’s credit.For those who have bad credit, hard credit inquiries are something that they can come to dread, as it often means that their application is about to be denied and their score is going to get dinged even further. If you’re not familiar with the ins and outs of hard credit checks, here’s what you need to know.Credit scores: an overview.In order to explain credit checks, it helps to explain how credit scores work in the first place. Your credit score is a three-digit number that summarizes your creditworthinessâ€"basically, how likely y ou are to meet your financial obligations, whether that be a personal loan, a credit card, a rent check, a mortgage, etc.The most common kind of credit score is also the oldest: Your FICO score. Created by Fair, Isaac and Company in 1989, the FICO score is graded on a scale from 300 to 850. The higher your score, the better your credit, with 680 being a rough cut-off point for “good” credit.Credit scores are created using the information from your credit reports. These are documents maintained by the three major credit bureausExperian, TransUnion, and Equifaxthat track your history as a credit user.  Most of the info on these reports will drop off after seven years, though some informationâ€"like bankruptcies, for instanceâ€"sticks around for longer.In addition to the public record, credit reports rely on businesses like banks, credit unions, landlords, and debt collectors to report information. Some businesses do not report to all three credit bureaus, which means that your sc ore can vary slightly depending on which report was used to create it.There are five main factors used to create your FICO score: payment history (35 percent), amounts owed/credit utilization (30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), credit mix (10 percent), and recent credit inquiries (10 percent). We’ll talk a little bit more about that last category in the next section.Here’s how hard credit checks work.Hard credit inquiries occur when you are applying for a loan, credit card, or other forms of credit. The prospective lender will pull a copy of your credit report to review whether or not your credit application should be approved. Hard credit inquiries can only be run on your report with your express permission.These hard inquiries get reported on your credit report under the “recent credit inquiries” category. Depending on your credit score, a single hard inquiry could ding your score by five points or not at all. These inquiries stay on your report for two ye ars but generally aren’t included in your score longer than one year.Why are hard inquiries reflected in your credit score? Well, hard credit inquiries represent a request for new credit. And any request for new credit could mean that you are encountering costs beyond what you could normally afford. While a single hard inquiry might just ding your score, several inquiries within a short period of time will have a greater negative effect.There is one exception: Lenders and credit bureaus do not want to discourage borrowers from shopping around when applying for a loan. But shopping around means multiple hard inquiries. This is why all credit inquiries within 45 days for mortgage, auto, and student loans are bundled together and counted as a single hard inquiry.If a business requests permission to run a hard inquiry on your credit, you do not need to grant them permissions. However, it is often the case that declining permission will result in your application being automatically de nied. Still, if you do not want that inquiry recorded on your report, the decision is ultimately up to you.Soft credit checks exist as well.Have you ever checked your own credit score or received a “pre-approved” credit card offer in the mail? If you have, then that means a soft inquiry has been run on your credit. Unlike hard inquiries, these soft checks do not affect your credit score.If hard credit checks represent instances where a lender is evaluating your request for more credit, then soft credit checks represent … pretty much any other instance where a credit pull is being requested on your report.It’s often said that soft credit checks don’t show up on your credit report, but this isn’t exactly true. Soft pulls are recorded on your report, but they are visible only to you, not to any other businesses or entities that might run a credit check. More importantly, soft inquiries do not affect your credit score.With a soft check, companies will often get a less clear picture of your overall creditworthiness: A solid overview, not a detailed analysis. This is why you can receive a pre-approved offer for an online loan or credit card and then still be denied when you submit an application and a hard inquiry is run.Unlike hard credit inquiries, soft inquiries can be run with or without your permission. So if you are applying for a new apartment and a landlord runs a soft check on your application, then they don’t need to ask for permission before doing so. However, if the landlord does request permission, then you know it is a hard check.Some loans use soft credit checks.If you have bad credit and you’re applying for a loan, you should consider the benefits of a soft credit check loan over a no credit check loan. While neither one of these loans performs a hard inquiry, soft credit check loans do indeed run a soft inquiry when evaluating their loan applications.Running a soft check allows the lender to determine a borrower’s ability to repay the loan they’re applying for. It’s pretty much exactly the same reason that traditional personal lenders run hard inquiries. If a soft credit check lender determines someone cannot afford a loan, they will decline to lend to them.No credit check lenders, on the other hand, will approve a loan regardless of whether the borrower can afford it or not. This means that it’s all too easy for no credit check loans to trap borrowers under a mountain of high-interest debt that they have little hope of ever paying off on their own.Common no credit check loans include payday loans, title loans, and cash advances. Soft credit check loans, meanwhile, most often come in the form of bad credit installment loans. Some soft credit check lenders even report payment information to the credit bureaus; this means that paying your loan off on time could help you build a better credit history.To learn more about how you can improve your credit, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoan s:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsWill Closing a Credit Card Affect Your Credit Score?Have Bad Credit? Here Are Two Things You Should Do6 Great Reasons To Check Your Credit ReportDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

White Privilege A Crime America Pays For - 1635 Words

White Privilege: A Crime America Pays for Being Privilege is something many of us do not realize we have on an everyday basis. Privilege is something you can get over time, but others are born with the natural ability to be privileged. Anybody who is â€Å"white† descent is born with what is known as white privilege. Many of us do not recognize this the privilege that comes with being white in society. We go on everyday taking advantage of other races by being white without even knowing it. Whether it is housing, education, jobs, the list goes on and on. Just like Tim Wise states in his video, is the idea we as white Americans are blind to the fact and in denial we have an advantage compared to any of race. We look at ourselves as everyone else and have zero privileges like everyone else. The family, the education system, the political system and many other influences in daily life, do not teach that the white race is privileged, but that the white race is the norm, not advantaged, just normal. Peggy McIntosh says that white privilegeis an unearned power that whites unknowingly possess, giving them an advantage in society. Whites in society ignore white privilege because we live in a nation of white dominance. Whites most often ignore the fact that blacks and other minorities do not enjoy these advantages. McIntosh defines white privilege as the many advantages white people enjoy, often seen as normal, and are largely unnoticed by society. Peggy McIntosh describesShow MoreRelatedRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesthat a nation has escaped racism and racial discrimination. In America, the issue of racial segregation and supremacy surfaces in several ways. 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Those who come from privilege tend not to recognize those privileges, while those who fall into the marginalized groups have an uphill battle. White privilege is a set of institutional beliefs granted to those based on their skin color. These individuals have better access to privilege and resources. Much of these privileges are seen t hrough types of employment, amount of compensation, quality of schools, and racial profiling. Among these few privileges one can see daily how the peopleRead MoreFelony Disenfranchisement And Its Effects On The State Of Residency843 Words   |  4 Pagesfelons are not allowed to vote. The United States’ disenfranchisement law places drastic effects on felons in their state of residency by preventing them from voting. English colonists brought disenfranchisement to America as a punishment for felons’ criminal behavior. Committing a crime showed that they were unfit to be included in political events. 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Residents of poor urban areas face many sets of challenges that our community developers are not address ing that can alleviate issues within urban communities. If we can come together to fight against poverty, we can call for revitalization, we need many more new strategies to tackle problems that aren’t contained. Many authors address poverty within suburbanRead MoreThe Case Of A Prison Sentence Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pagesthink he will not be a danger to others† (Fantz 2016). As if the victim of his crime hadn’t already been severely impacted by his actions, and will continue to be impacted for the rest of her life. Her suffering was compounded when she did not receive a simple apology or acceptance of responsibility, and also failed to receive the justice that the system should have awarded her. It is here that we see white male privilege and the culture of victim blaming coalesce with horrifying outcomes. The attention

Analysis Of Veronica Roth s The Big Five Model

Throughout the history of human psychology, the development of personality and the factors that contribute to its variations have been widely scrutinised and theorized. According to some of psychologies most acclaimed and experienced psychologists, personality can be stagnant, morphed, molded, developed and uncovered through a range of processes we experience before we are born, after birth and during our lifetime. (Eyesenck, 2004) Veronica Roth’s Divergent exhibits aspects of both Gordon Allports Trait Theory and McCrae and Costa’s Five Factor Model, also known as the Big Five Model. (Eyesenck, 2004) These theories are applicable to the Divergent film in the features of its pot line and within characterization. There accuracies as†¦show more content†¦(Allport, 1937) cardinal traits were constant and consistent through life; they had overwhelming influence on a person’s total being. Central traits guided aspects of behavior, reactions and social interac tion, and finally, secondary traits were more unsettled aspects of the personality and affected casual opinions and habitual behaviors. (Wade Tavris, 2000) Finalizing his theory, Allport stated that while we all share common traits, and we all live in this â€Å"world† together, (Allport, 1961) people still differ, as for â€Å"some the world is a hostile place†¦ for others it is a sage for fun and frolic†. (Wade et al., 2000) Allport suggests that cardinal, secondary and central traits become apparent in people at different rates within the growth cycle. (Schopper, 1994) This element of Allports theory is directly applicable to the initial portrayal of Divergent’s protagonist, Beatrice Prior. Beatrice assumes the mannerisms of her faction Abnegation and emulates the required habitual behaviors, reactions and interactions. She dresses in grey clothing, she habitually washes up after her parents, and she routinely deems it unnecessary to look in the mirror. These are all examples of secondary traits that affect casual opinion and habits. (Wade et al., 2000) After her move to Dauntless, these mannerisms and aspects of her personality change, further supporting Allports theory that secondary traits are unsettled and ever changing. She now wears black, promiscuous clothing, she

Action Genre Free Essays

The action genre is a genre wherein physical action takes precedence in the storytelling. Also, action movies often have continuous motions and actions including physical stunts, chases, fights, battles, and races. The story usually revolves around a hero that has a goal but is facing incredible odds to obtain it. We will write a custom essay sample on Action Genre or any similar topic only for you Order Now While the action genre has a long recurring component in films, the action film genre began to develop in the 1970s along with the increase of stunts and special effects. Audiovisual Translation (AVT) According to Zobalbeascoa (2008), an audiovisual text is a mode of communication that is distinct from the written and the oral mode, although it may not be easy to draw a clear borderline between the audiovisual and other modes (p.29). And, other scholars like Bartrina (2004) believes that â€Å"in using the term audiovisual texts we receive via two channels, the visual and acoustic such texts contain images that move rapidly one after another† (p.157). Unlike communication through books, radio, telephone or sign language, audiovisual communication implies that the acoustic channel through air vibrations and the visual channel through light waves are simultaneously utilized. In other words, the film establishes a multi-channel and multi-code communication that take place through two channels (visual channel and acoustic channel) except for silent movies, but other communications, like radio and books, oppositely take place through one channel (only acoustic channel) (Delabastita, 2008). Finally, Gambier (1994) states that â€Å"audiovisual translation is a new genre in the realm of translation studies and several forms of translation take place in the international world of audiovisual communication† (p.277). Ideology The concept of ideology in translation studies is as old as the history of translation itself. And, according to Fawcett (1998), â€Å"throughout the centuries, individuals and institutions applied their particular beliefs to the production of certain effect in translation and an ideological approach to translation studies could be found in some of the earliest examples of translation known to us† (p. 106). However, Venuti (1998) states that â€Å"the linguistics-oriented approaches to translation studies have failed to address the concept of ideology through years of their prevalence, because such approaches are limited to their scientific models for research and the empirical data they collect, so that they remain reluctant to take into account the social values that enter into translating as well as the study of it† (p.1). Finally, ideology viewed in a more positive sense as a vehicle to promote or legitimate interests of a particular social group rather than a means to destroy the contenders (Calzada-Perez, 2003, p. 5). Norms According to Maylaerts (2008), quoted from Schaffner, (1998) norms are the translation of general values or ideas shared by a community into performance instructions applicable to particular situations. Norms specify what is prescribed and forbidden as well as what is tolerated and permitted in translation. Therefore, they imply sanctions, positive or negative. This means that norms imply a degree of social and psychological pressure since the concept of the norm has been used differently in translation studies, and its value has been both asserted strongly and called into question. Also, Toury (1995) maintains that â€Å"norms are the translation of what is wrong or right† (p.55). And, Munday (2012) believes that â€Å"norms are components peculiar to cultures, societies, and time being socio-cultural limitations which are acquired by persons during the educational and socializing processes† (p.112). Norms do not apply only in language, but also at all levels of our social lives, and it varies from one community or culture to another culture (Snell-Hornby, 1988). While, Pym (1999) discerns that â€Å"norms exist and they will change by means of beliefs, reasons, technology or creativity† (p.106). Norms of a society determine how taboo words and expressions dealt with in that given society. Finally, there are four types of norms:1) obligated 2) Permitted 3) Tolerated 4) Prohibited. In Islamic societies such as Iran, there exists a fifth norm which is recommended. Based on this, taboos are either tolerated or to a much greater degree prohibited. Subtitle Subtitles usually located at the bottom of the screen, either left-aligned or centered. They must be in 1 to 2 lines, not more than 35 characters and yellow or white font colors on the dark ground are preferred (Schwarz, 2002). And, according to Gottlibe (1997), subtitling as a translation practice has special features that they are as follow: a) written, b) additive, c) immediate, d) synchronous, e) polymedia (p.2). Cintas (2008) states that â€Å"subtitles considered as captions and transcriptions of a movie or TV dialogue in a same or different language and presented simultaneously on the screen at the bottom. They should be placed at the bottom of the screen in order to not interrupt the image action† (p.7). Taboo Concepts Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams (2013) believe that â€Å"taboo has a strong cultural component that representing particular customs and the way people view their society† (p.112). Also, taboo terms actually are a broad term that has been approached by various disciplines from different standpoints. Throughout the years, there have been controversies about the scope of the term as well as various notions with regard to their function and role within the societies. Since the concept itself is multidimensional and highly culture-specific, what taboos cover often differs from one culture to another. Therefore, it seems to be no common ground reached regarding the issues dealt with under the title of taboo. In fact, the concept plays a central role in forming the cultures which considered as the main reason why so many disciplines are interested in theorizing it (Horlacher, 2010, p. 5). Finally, according to Wardhaugh (1990), the taboo is one way in which a society expresses its disapproval of certain kinds of behaviors that are harmful to its members either for supernatural reasons or such behaviors are held to violate a moral code (p.230). The Related Works in Iran and Other Countries Among the Works Applied in the Field of Translation of Taboo Terms and Concepts in Iran: Azardashti (2013) in an article titled as â€Å"Normative Attitude Toward Translation of Verbal Taboo† in The Catcher in the Rye has noted that different societies and cultures, particularly more traditional societies such as Iran dislike raising unusual subjects such as slangs and examining slangs in scientific areas have been always concealed. In spite of some researches in this regard over recent years’ ambiguities and intact angles regarding translating slangs into Persian still attracted attention. In view of the importance of verbal taboos as an inevitable part of the language and its difficulty for translators in encountering with them the importance of this study would be revealed. Finally, Ghazizadeh and Mardani (2012) in their study titled as â€Å"Strategic Examination of Translator in Translating Western Taboo in Dubbing English Movies into Farsi† have pointed out language in the same extent can be used for expressing thoughts and communicating that can be used as a tool for obstructing propagation of certain opinions too. For example, taboo terms derive from the ideology and a set of beliefs of different nations about certain contents which they transfer in the process of translation give rise to lingual and cultural problems. Since cinema products are among main tracts of transferring culture components such as taboo, the matter of translating such products in the form of subtitle or dubbing is of high importance. Yet fewer studies have been conducted in this regard. In the current study it has been attempted that through a descriptive study of dubbing English movies into Farsi, translator’s strategies are examined in translating the language and cultural Western taboo terms and concepts. The results of their research revealed that the most common strategies regarding language taboo expressions are finding equivalent for them, compensating and for cultural taboo, those are manipulating, modification and using non-taboo equivalents. Among the Works Applied in the Field of Translation of Taboo Terms and Concepts in Abroad: Midjord (2013) in her M.A. thesis titled as â€Å"On the Subtitling of Swear Words: The Case Study of Flickering Lights† with a special focus on the translation of the word fuck as an interest in exploring how the swear words are translated in the process of subtitling from Danish into English. The results of her study revealed that in English speaking countries the most frequently used swear words derive from the religion, sex and bodily effluvia, while in the Danish language the most frequently used swear words derive from the religion, diseases, sex and bodily effluvia. Moreover, the analysis showed that many swear words have either been translated directly or deleted completely in the subtitles. With more than half of the swear words deleted in the target text, it can be discussed, whether there is a loss of the understanding of the environment and the characters’ personalities in the film. However, on the basis of reviews from English speaking persons, this does not seem to have been a problem, which could indicate that the subtitler has made the right choices in the subtitling of the swear words in Flickering Lights movie. How to cite Action Genre, Papers

Superoutbreak of 1974 Essay Example For Students

Superoutbreak of 1974 Essay According to Websters Dictionary, a tornado is a rotating column of air accompanied by a funnel shaped downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud and having a vortex several hundred yards in diameter whirling destructively at speeds of up to three hundred miles per hour. There are six classifications of tornadoes, which are measured on what is known as the Fujita Scale. These tornadoes range from an F0 to an F5, which is the most devastating of all. Abnormal warm, humid, and oppressive weather usually precede the formation of a tornado. Records of American tornadoes date back to 1804 and have been known to occur in every state of the United States. A tornado outbreak occurs when a large number (six or more) of tornadoes are formed in groups or individual storms within a 24-48-hour period over a specific geographical area and spawned from the same general weather system. The April 3-4 outbreak of 1974 was the worst in the United States recorded history. Never before had so many tornad oes brought so much destruction to such a wide area of this country. It was so bad that a name had to be found for it. Super Outbreak is what they came up with. This storm, which extended from the afternoon of April 3rd through the morning of April 4th, produced 148 tornadoes in thirteen states. Xenia, Ohio was home to the worst damage caused by the tornado outbreak of 1974. As school children in Xenia, Ohio waited for their ride home and workers watched the clock tick slowly towards quitting time, a monstrous tornado whipped wildly towards their small town. In just minutes, the small peaceful city of Xenia became ground zero for the nations worst tornado outbreak. The tornado, an F5, was among the strongest ever witnessed, with winds estimated between 261 and 318 mph. It sped furiously across town at a speed of about 52 mph. frantic residents scrambled for cover as the twisters shrieking winds slammed the historic Xenia Hotel. The tornado showed no mercy yanking thick trees from th e ground, cars from the streets, and people from their homes. It tossed two tractor-trailers 150 feet into the air and onto the roof of a bowling alley. A wooden utility pole about 20 feet long snapped in half like a twig and soared 160 feet away from its original location. Five schools in Xenia were in the direct path of the tornado. When the tornado passed, three of the schools were destroyed almost completely. The other two were extensively damaged. The devastating tornado that struck Xenia killed 37 people, injured 2,000, and damaged 7,000 homes. In the Xenia tornado, as in any major disaster, the damage to buildings and lifelines and the effort required responding to casualties and destruction significantly disrupted traditional group activities in all spheres of life, from work to recreation, from religious worship to banking services. A tornado does more than wreck buildings and sever lifelines, it completely interrupts the cycles of community life, or at least puts considera ble strain on them. With stores and places of employment closed in Xenia, not only were some people temporarily unemployed, but necessary goods and services could not be obtained in the usual ways at the times and locations wanted. With so many schools destroyed, educational schedules were sharply altered, as were recreational habits for children. Ultimately, the tornado very sharply disrupted community life. We will write a custom essay on Superoutbreak of 1974 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now So what exactly was the cause of the Super Tornado Outbreak of 1974? The approximate cause of the huge tornado outbreak of April 3-4, 1974, in roughly laymans language, was the result of a number of important factors coming together at the right critical time. A very vigorous upper level atmospheric disturbance, along with a strong polar jet stream lead to the amplification and general strengthening of a low pressure region to the east of the Rocky Mountains. As this low pressure region, with its counterclockwise rotation moved eastward, it became more and more intense and caused a great deal of warm, moist air to move into the Ohio river valley from the Gulf of Mexico. The natural rising of the surface, warm, moist air was inhibited by an upper atmospheric layer of warm dry air from the dry southwest region of the country.During the outbreak, six tornadoes reached the massive intensity of F5 on the Fujita Scale, were winds can exceed 318 mph and whole houses can be swept away. Often there isnt an F5 in an entire year in the whole country. An estimated 118 of the twisters had paths on the ground more than a mile long. One traveled more than a hundred miles, researchers say. Another reached five miles in width. At one point, 15 tornadoes were on the ground at the same time. Few states in the region escaped damage; those hit were Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .postImageUrl , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:hover , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:visited , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:active { border:0!important; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:active , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Debate - Sports Starts Get Paid To Much (Affirmative) EssayIn conclusion, the deadliest and most devastating U.S. tornado outbreak of the 20th century was the April 34, 1974, Super Tornado Outbreak. It lasted 16 hours and at least 148 twisters tore up 2,500 miles of Earth through 13 states over a 24-hour period, according to the National Weather Service. The super outbreak, as meteorologists now call it, left 330 people dead and 5,484 injured. Property losses were placed at $600 million and only ten of the thirteen states that were hit, were declared a disaster area. Bibliography:Works CitedBradford, Marlene. Scanning the Skies. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, 2001. Snowden, Flora D. Tornadoes of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, 1953. White, Robert M. The Widespread Tornado Outbreak of April 3-4, 1974. Rockville, Md. 1974.

Famous Examples of Early Interracial Marriage

Famous Examples of Early Interracial Marriage The U.S. Supreme Court did not lift the nationwide ban on interracial marriage until June 12, 1967. But years before the high court’s pivotal decision, dozens of celebrities in and out of Hollywood partnered with couples of different racial backgrounds. This list includes 12  actors, athletes, authors, singers and socialites collectively who crossed the color line for love long before interracial marriage became widely accepted. Jack Johnson’s White Wives During a time in which black men could be lynched for even looking at a white woman the â€Å"wrong way,† boxer Jack Jackson started romantic relationships with several white women. After romancing a series of prostitutes who were black and white alike, Johnson married New York socialite Etta Terry Duryea  in Pittsburgh in January 1911. The couple tried to keep their marriage a secret, but a year after the interracial couple tied the knot word of their union spread back to Brooklyn. The abusive nature of her relationship with Johnson, the death of her father, disapproval of her interracial marriage and a history of depression all likely contributed to Duryea’s decision to kill herself in September 1912. Just weeks after Duryea’s suicide, Johnson started a romance with 18-year-old white prostitute Lucille Cameron. Due to outrage over his relationship, Johnson was arrested for breaking the Mann Act, which made it illegal to travel across state lines â€Å"for the purpose of prostitution or debauchery, or for any other immoral purpose,† according to PBS. When broadly applied, the Mann Act could be used to outlaw all premarital and extramarital sexual relationships that involved interstate travel, PBS reported. On Dec. 4, 1912, Johnson married Cameron. The following year he was convicted of violating the Mann Act for his relationship with Cameron. The couple lived abroad for several years, with the boxer spending nine days in jail related to his Mann Act conviction. Cameron filed for divorce from Johnson four years later because the known womanizer had been unfaithful to her. In August 1925, Johnson married Irene Pineau, who was also white. Johnson and Pineau lived much of their marriage in Europe. They remained a couple until the boxer’s death in a car accident in 1946. In 1964, another man known for his fighting skills would marry interracially. That year Bruce Lee married Linda Emery, a white woman. The biopic â€Å"Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story† touches on some of the difficulties the interracial couple faced, including the disapproval of her parents. Kip Rhinelander Marries Mixed-Race Maid The New York social world was scandalized in Fall 1924 when Leonard Kip Rhinelander, heir to $100 million family fortune, married Alice Jones, a domestic and daughter of a black man and a white woman. Rhinelander, 21 at the time of his marriage, had suffered from anxiety and met Jones during a hospital stay. â€Å"Initially he was just dallying with a servant, as was an aristocrat’s long-established privilege, but then affection had bloomed, and then everlasting true love,† the New York Daily News reported in a recap of the scandal in 1999. â€Å"The father had sent the boy out west for two years to get over his fool-headed infatuation. But ardor did not subside. Now Kip had returned east, and he and Alice had eloped.† At first, Rhinelander did not seem to care what society thought of his marriage. After six weeks of matrimony, however, Rhinelander did not come home to the small apartment he shared with Jones and filed to have his marriage to her annulled. Rhinelander’s lawyers accused Jones of concealing her Caribbean heritage and passing for white to lure him into a romantic relationship. The jurors ultimately sided with Jones but not before she was subjected to the humiliating task of disrobing before them to prove that Rhinelander must have known that she was a woman of color all along. In 1929, Rhinelander and Jones finalized their divorce, with the latter receiving a small monthly pension for her trouble. Rhinelander died of pneumonia seven years later at the age of 33. Jones lived until 1989. Neither remarried. Richard Wright’s Interracial Marriages Richard Wright, the author of literary classics Black Boy and Native son, married twice- both to white women of Russian Jewish ancestry. On Aug. 12, 1939, Wright married Dhimah Meidman, a ballet dancer. At first, he kept the marriage under wraps, reluctant to let the public know about his nuptials to a white woman. The marriage disintegrated after just a year in part because Wright felt that his wife expected to him provide a lavish lifestyle her. Moreover, his relationship with Meidman overlapped with his relationship with Ellen Poplar (also known as Polpowitz), an organizer for the Communist Party. Wright had been involved with Poplar prior to proposing to Meidman. When Wright separated from Meidman, he and Poplar resumed their romance, living together before they wed on March 12, 1941, in Coytesville, N.J. None of his family members were present nor was his close friend Richard Ellison, the author of Invisible Man fame who’d served as best man at Wright’s first weddi ng. According to the book Richard Wright: The Life and Times, Wright feared that his marriage to yet another white woman would make headlines. That book also revealed that Poplar’s family largely disowned her for deciding to marry a black man. Her father never met Wright and her sister cut off contact with Poplar because of the interracial union, according to the biography. Poplar’s brother did support the relationship, however. Wright and his bride would spend most of their lives in France. They had two children, Julia and Rachel. Wright was far from the only African writer to marry interracially before blacks fully realized their civil rights in the U.S. African American. Maya Angelou married Enistasious Tosh Angelos in 1951, Lorraine Hansberry married Robert Nemiroff in 1953, and in March 1967, just months before the U.S. Supreme Court lifted the ban on interracial marriage, Alice Walker married Melvyn Lowenthal. Lena Horne Keeps Marriage Secret Actress and singer Lena Horne married Lennie Hayton, a white man, and her manager, in 1947, but kept the marriage a secret for three years. When the public found out about their interracial marriage three years later, the couple not only received criticism but threats and obscene mail as well, according to the New York Times. â€Å"Mr. Hayton built a wall around their California house and bought a shotgun,† the Times reported Horne said that she and her husband had some rocky times because of racism. She told the Times she sometimes viewed her husband as â€Å"foreign white creature.† Other times she took out the rage she had against white racists on her husband. She also admitted to marrying Hayton for opportunistic reasons. â€Å"At first, I became involved because I thought Lennie would be useful to my career,† she said. â€Å"He could get me into places no black manager could. It was wrong of me, but as a black woman, I knew what I had against me. He was a nice man who wasnt thinking all these things, and because he was a nice man and because he was in my corner, I began to love him.† Several actors and singers married across the color line during this period, including Diahann Carroll, who married Monte Kay in 1956; Sammy Davis Jr., who married May Britt in 1960, Eartha Kitt, who married John William McDonald in 1960; Tyne Daly, a white actress who married Georg Stanford Brown, an Afro-Cuban, in 1966.

Hypothesis or Theory (Tips on Scientific Language) - Get Proofed!

Hypothesis or Theory (Tips on Scientific Language) - Get Proofed! Tips on Scientific Language Science can be a dangerous thing in the wrong hands. According to one song, it can even cause blindness. And as a result, we need to be careful with science and scientific language. (And Thomas Dolby.) Were not sure of Dolbys scientific qualifications, though. (Photo: Arthur Mouratidis/wikipedia) The main problem (for us) is that scientists often use familiar terms in unfamiliar ways. And if you don’t know the scientific use of these words, it’s easy to make an error. So, to help out, we’re taking a closer look at three terms: â€Å"hypothesis,† â€Å"theory,† and â€Å"significant.† Hypothesis (A Testable Idea) In everyday language, we sometimes use â€Å"hypothesis† to refer to an educated guess. This is fairly close to how it’s used in the sciences, but it also has some specific requirements. A hypothesis should be: An attempt to explain something that can be observed Phrased in a way that means we can test it Once a hypothesis has been tested, it can then be accepted or rejected depending on the results. Theory (A Well-Tested Concept) A theory is a proposed explanation of something. But when people say that something is â€Å"just a theory,† they mean that it hasn’t been proven. This is because one sense of â€Å"theory† is â€Å"speculation.† However, in scientific writing, it means the complete opposite of this. A scientific theory is actually something that has been tested repeatedly and that is widely accepted as true. This makes it much stronger than a hypothesis and much, much stronger than pure speculation! This doesn’t mean that a theory can’t be disproved, but you would need to show evidence that it’s untrue or suggest a better theory. A scientific theory is never â€Å"just† a theory. Its just a theory supported by 160 years of research. Significant (Unlikely to Have Happened by Chance) To be â€Å"significant† is usually to be important or noteworthy. The opposite is to be â€Å"insignificant.† In the sciences, though, â€Å"significant† typically refers to statistical significance. The results of a test are statistically significant if we can show that they’re unlikely to be due to chance alone. The opposite of this is â€Å"non-significant,† which means that the results could have been influenced by randomness. In addition, keep in mind that something can be statistically significant without being noteworthy. There’s a statistically significant relationship between breaking eggs and making an omelet, for example, but this isn’t a hugely â€Å"significant† discovery in terms of being interesting or important. Its a scientific breakthrough! Other Scientific Language The terms above are significant (in the everyday sense) because they’re common in many scientific fields. As such, anyone reading or writing about science needs to know how they’re used. However, there are plenty of other examples. If a physicist is discussing a â€Å"flavor of quark,† for instance, they could be talking about either subatomic particles or dairy products. This is why we need to be careful with scientific language. And if you come across a familiar word being used in an unusual way, always double check its scientific meaning.

Is Television still considered a dominant form of entertainment in the Research Paper

Is Television still considered a dominant form of entertainment in the twenty-first century, or are people straying to other for - Research Paper Example The networks used to be the primary source of news and information and this is where everyone turned to. But now the rate of watching television has steadily declined, even the same TV show is viewed online on the internet. Watching television is no longer a family activity but it has become a solo one. News websites are used for updates; in fact breaking news is often shared more on social networking websites as people don’t even bother to go to the source of information anymore. The whole dynamics of society has changed which has resulted in a decline of television watching. People prefer their laptops, iPads, eReaders and other handheld devices as a source of entertainment, sitting down and watching television has become a tedious exercise. â€Å"Fully 25% of U.S TVs sold in January 2010 were connected by consumers to the Internet†1 This statistic clearly shows that even thought television sets are being sold people want more from the device, they want a device which is ‘smart’ and has the ability to be interactive. With the advent of internet everyone has realized there are endless possibilities of obtaining entertainment. Consumers want more and more options that enhance their viewing pleasure and this is where the television media companies try to differentiate themselves from others by trying to be innovative and bringing in new technological changes as fast as possible. In fact the younger the person is the more reluctant they are to watch television and prefer their own technological devices instead. Thesis statement: Television viewing has declined significantly in the 21st century due to the advent of new technologies and the constant need of being connected to internet. Body: Internet has changed the way everyone performs activities, obtains information, and derives entertainment and basically the way they live their lives. Previously the only form of entertainment within the house was a television set. Getting together wa tching TV shows was considered family time but over the period of years society has changed resulting in everyone searching for new forms of entertainment. From desktop computers to laptops and to tablet devices, technology has brought everything on our fingertips; we are constantly connected to internet on the move and have become increasingly reliant on it. â€Å"In the past 25 years, the big three broadcast television networks, ABC, CBS and NBC, have experienced a significant decline in the share of three prime time viewing audience. In 1980 more than 90% of television viewers were tuned into one of these networks during primetime. By 2005, the season ending average primetime share of the big three networks had fallen to 32%†2 These statistics clearly show the decline, explanations for this decline greatly vary, from the beginning relatively primitive technologies like VCR and DVD players were the cause of this decline. They provided another option to watch pre-recorded vi deos or new movies that could be bought. Also cable networks and other channels started emerging on the market providing people with other choices catering to their individual tastes. Although critics of the three big networks also argue that there is less program diversity as they cater to the masses instead of niche audiences, so their share has declined. Cable programming caters to every one with specific programs. This

Principles and Practice of Social Work - Theoretical Assignment Essay

Principles and Practice of Social Work - Theoretical Assignment - Essay Example On one hand, an individual’s activities have an effect on other people that interact with him or her, and in turn, the actions of others affect him; the total effect of their actions is evident in the society. On the other hand, society affects the individuals in it, expecting them to do according to its demands. By so doing, society ensures its survival by making its various components live together in harmony, and individuals build their society by interacting with each other constructively (Berberoglu 2005; Baert and Silva 2010). The role of a social worker is to use social work values, principles, and methods for counselling, helping a society or a community help itself or individuals in it; acting as the agent that maintains balance in society. For instance, a social worker would be involved in the provision and improvement of social, health, and legislative services. The principles of social work include, acceptance, affirming individuality, purposeful expression of feelings, non-judgementalism, objectivity, controlled emotional involvement, self-determination, and confidentiality. According to Ritzer and Goodman (2004), social work is the art and science of identifying conflicts in society analysing them, and using the various available theories on society to come up with possible solutions. However, the work of a social worker does not end at identifying and recommending solutions, it extends using the recommendations to solve the conflict at hand practically. Therefore, a social worker is an essential component of a society that acts as a bridge between the needs of an individual and those of the society, by ensuring that individual do not suffer in silence due to the pressure of society expectations. The aim of this essay is to identify two social work theories, relate them to social work principles and relate them to domestic violence, in addition to discussing power imbalances, between the social worker and his or

Progression Of Islamic Art Essay -- essays research papers

There exist three basic components of traditional Islamic art: calligraphy, geometric patterns, and floral and vegetal motifs. These three stylistic tools are beautifully rendered and masterfully integrated into complex works of art, but there is no question that artistic expression is severely limited under these categorizations. However, this limitation stems from Islamic theology and concept of art. The main reason for the limitation imposed on visual art is the Islamic theological prohibition of figural imagery. Social laws presented in the Hadith prevented the representation of figures because any imitation was deemed idolatrous. Also, art is considered to be decorative and imitative. Script and patterns are used to decorate objects, whether they be architectural structures, prayer rugs, ceramics, and books. The geometric objects naturally led to artistic patterning and repetition. Although the Islamic community prohibited figural imagery, the community’s rapid expansion during the centuries after its inception diluted the rigidity of traditional customs. Assimilated countries and cultures that practiced figural art before the Islamic armies came continued to do so. These assimilated artistic styles did utilize figural imagery, yet they still reflected the traditional artistic components of Islam. The introductory plaque at the entrance of the Islamic Art collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art states that Islamic art is characterized by ‘stasis,’ and that even assimilated foreign styles have â€Å"always retained its intrinsic quality and unique identity.† The beautifully rendered book miniatures of the Shahnama of Shah Tahmasp illustrate this last point wonderfully. The Shahnama, translated as â€Å"The Book of Kings,† is an Iranian national epic penned by the poet Firdausi between 975-1010 AD. Centuries later, it became the custom for shahs to have their own personal copy of the Shahnama. This naturally transformed the quality of the book into measurement of status. The second shah of the Safavid dynasty, Tahmasp, was a great patron of the arts. Not only did he have his copy ornamented with gold, silver, rich colors, and exquisite calligraphy, he employed the most distinguished artists of the time to paint the two-hundred-and fifty-eight inked figural miniature paintings that accompany each page of text. Although all the miniatures are of similar style,... ...y man. Though the painting may imply universal plight, the depiction represents a particular moment in time. Although violent, the miniature presents the moment of apprehension, the moment before the impact of the sword and the resulting death through which one leaves the mortal realm for the divine. In fact, the uniform face heightens the tension of the painting, because the observer gets no sense of the warrior’s predictions of victory or defeat. The outcome is unknown to the warriors, even though symbolically Allah knows for the result is written above in the text. Even the observer of the work knows following his or her reading. The warrior’s ignorance only makes the fated defeat and death more tragic. The war ends in a Sufarai victory and the national honor of pre-Islamic Iran is restored. Interestingly, Islamic history has nothing to do with the content of the story, yet its influence is apparent in the Arabic text, geometric designs, floral motifs, and result ing implications. Though breaking the proscription of images, the â€Å"Sufarai Victory Over the Haital, as well as all the miniatures in Tahmasp’s Shahnama, retain the â€Å"intrinsic quality and unique identity† of Islamic art.

Terrorism: An Emergency?

The September 11th terrorist attack on the World Trade Center will forever be in the minds of every American. It is a reality which tells us that it can happen again, anytime and anywhere. The impact of such act also tells us that it is something the government and the nation must pay attention to and be prepared for.For many years now, terrorism is still an existent problem which gobbled up a substantial amount from the government resources. Not only that, but it also caused countless fatalities and destroyed properties. It has also put the government in an unsure position as to how it can be eliminated. The worsening situation regarding terrorism has the government taking up drastic steps for the nation’s security and considering it an emergency by which every nation must be prepared to face.The Office of the Press Secretary of the United States (2007) announced about additional grant guidance and application kits for three grant programs (Port Security Grant Program (PSGP), Transit Security Grant Program (TSGP), and Emergency Management Performance Grant (EMPG)), which totaled to $827 million this year. According to Michael Chertoff, Homeland Security Secretary, the additional influx of federal dollars will be for the enhancement of security measures. Additionally, the money will enable the emergency managers to have more tools to â€Å"build on national preparedness goals.†Allotment of these funds shows us how serious the prevention of terrorism is. The United States government will prioritize funding for training and public awareness campaigns, reducing the risks of improvised explosive devices and radiological, biological and chemical weapons, and securing transit systems. Moreover, grant funding will further improve the government’s emergency management capabilities.According to the American National Red Cross (2001), there are many things which could happen after a terrorist attack which calls for emergency action. First is that the re can be casualties and damages to properties such as buildings. Second is the involvement of the local, state and federal units due to the criminal nature of the event. Third is the possibility that the health and mental health resources can be strained or overwhelmed. Next, the prolonged existence of public fear, international implications and consequences and extensive media coverage. Fifth is the possibility of evacuation. And lastly, the clean-up which may take up very long.With regards to weapons of mass destruction (WMD), Taylor (2000) analyzed the use of WMD as protective measure against terrorism. The author cited the Nunn-Lugar-Domenici Act, which the U.S. Congress passed in 1996, and which requires the local and state governments to have access to equipment and training needed to fight against acts of terrorism. It involves access to the use of WMD such as chemical, radiological and biological. A large amount of money is funded for the program in order to train law enfor cement and emergency response agencies in dealing with terrorist attacks.Taylor (2000) added that the production of WMD might increase the number of casualties from terrorist attacks as the US population was vulnerable to such attacks. The Legionnaire’s disease alone, which struck American Legion conventioneers, tells us of the worst possible outcome of bioweapons. As this shows that the public can be attacked with these weapons, the enemies could use these for their terrorist attacks.Weapons of mass destruction include chemical, radiological and biological weapons. Their effects could be enormous. Lives will be lost with the deployment of such dangerous weapons. And as terrorists have access to these weapons and more, they can use it to further their attacks, resulting to more and more casualties. This is clearly an emergency both ways because the 40 percent of terrorist attacks around the world is targeted at the United States despite the fact that the country has no quarre ls with other countries.   The population is even more vulnerable to an attack using WMD.According to John Bolton (2002), Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, there are risks in using WMD. The worst thing that could happen is when the weapons fall into the hands of terrorists. To prevent this from happening, a strategy called the New Strategic Framework was formed. Under the framework, defensive systems which aim to protect against missile attacks will be created, nonproliferation and counterproliferation measures will be enhanced, nuclear weapons will be reduced and cooperation with Russia to eliminate terrorism will be prioritized.John Wolf, Assistant Secretary of State for Nonproliferation (2002), added that these weapons of mass destruction are a threat to the United States forces around the world. The primary concern, according to Wolf, is protection and security from WMD. This entails some steps. First, there should be reduction and cessation of WMD production. The United States’ objective is to control and dispose excess materials of WMD. The second step is stopping Iran’s acquisition of these materials.It is believed that Iran wants to improve and develop its WMD and missile programs. Third step is stopping the proliferation of nuclear and missile in and from South Asia. Wolf stated that approximately one million troops face off on the India-Pakistan border. Concerns were raised over the possibility that the WMD and missiles there might fall in the wrong hands.Several actions are needed to be taken to prevent further proliferation of WMD and missiles. One is to make sure that the suppliers of WMD materials and missiles end their cooperation. Another is to ensure that security is at its maximum against WMD and missile proliferation. The effectiveness of the export control of the states should also be enhanced. They should also secure their WMD and missiles and help other states that do not have enough res ources.Terrorism is a rare phenomenon that must be put in perspective. Everyone knows that one attack using WMD can cause massive casualties. According to Pete du Pont (cited in Taylor, 2000), 15 terrorist incidents happen each year in the United States. Statistics also showed that approximately 42 Americans die while 115 are injured from international acts of terrorism since 1982. What the United States should do, Taylor noted, is to implement military restraint overseas but respond to terrorist incidents against U.S. targets.Should there be a terrorist attack using WMD, there are three things that the government must address. First, responses of the government must minimize the injury and death and implement actions which prevent the public from harm. This means that the attack site should be isolated, the agent class is identified, exposure levels is evaluated and those who are exposed evacuated to facilities where they can be treated. The government must make sure that the indiv iduals in the attack site cooperate with it (Taylor, 2000).Second, evidence should be gathered which will be used for later prosecutions. This should be the primary concern of law enforcement officials. They should identify the attackers. Third is mitigation. How to prevent such incident from happening should be determined (Taylor, 2000).The magnitude of these terrorist attacks and the use of WMD call for every emergency measures from both the state and local levels. One problem which hinders to the success of emergency management, according to Taylor (2000), is the difficulty of getting public support. Effective emergency management program will be the solution to the program, and this requires public support. The public should be educated about what they can do in case terrorist attacks happen. Additionally, they should be taught about the WMD and what they should do in each case.Considering the effects of terrorism, and the things it can do to a country, it should be seen as an e mergency alongside other types of disasters. This paper does not posit that terrorism should be prioritized over other disasters, but the government must also allot resources and actions to prevent or be ready in case it happens.ReferencesAmerican National Red Cross. (2001). Terrorism: Preparing for the unexpected. Retrieved on December 16, 2007 from http://www.redcross.org/services/disaster/0,1082,0_589_,00.htmlBolton, John. (2002). The new strategic framework: A response to 21st century threats. U.S. Foreign Policy Agenda, 7, 2.Office of the Press Secretary. (2007). DHS announces additional $260 million in supplemental grants funding. Retrieved on December 16, 2007 from the Homeland Security web site, http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/pr_1187294574562.shtmTaylor, Eric R. (2000). Are we prepared for terrorism using weapons of mass destruction? Government’s half measures. Policy Analysis, 387, 1-17.Wolf, John. (2002). U.S. approaches to nonproliferation. U.S. Foreign Policy A genda, 7, 2.

How to Teach Theme Lesson Plan Ideas

While every story may differ in length or complexity, inside of every story is the  theme or a central idea. English language arts teachers  have an advantage when they teach fiction if they teach students about the structure found in all stories.  A theme runs through the veins of a story no matter how it is presented: novel, short story, poem, picture book. Even the film director Robert Wise noted the importance of theme in movie-making, You cant tell any kind of a story without having some kind of a theme, something to say between the lines. It is between those lines, whether they are printed on the page or spoken on the screen, where students need to look or to listen because the author will not tell readers what the theme or lesson of the story is. Rather, students need to examine a text using their abilities to infer  and to make an inference; to do either means to use evidence in support. How to Teach Theme To begin, teachers and students must understand that there is no single theme to any piece of literature.  The more complex the literature, the more possible themes. Authors do, however, help students infer theme through motif(s) or dominant idea(s) repeated throughout a story. For example, in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the â€Å"eye† motif is present literally (billboard eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg)  and figuratively throughout the novel. While some of these questions may seem obvious (what is a theme?) it is through the use of evidence to support a response where the critical thinking becomes obvious. Here are the five critical thinking questions that teachers should use in preparing students to identify theme at any grade level: What are the key ideas or details?What is the central message? Cite evidence to prove it.What is the theme? Cite evidence to prove it.  What is the topic? Cite evidence to prove it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Where does the author prove the intended message? Examples with Read Alouds (Grades K-6) Scripted worksheets or blackline masters for literature are not necessary when any one or a combination of these five questions can be used by students to make an inference. For example, here are the questions applied to traditional read-alouds in grades K-2: What are the key ideas or details? Charlottes WebFriendship: Charlotte (spider); Wilbur (pig) unlikely pair; protectionCharacters: Fern -Wilburs owner, Templeton (Rat), geese, horseLoss: Wilburs possible slaughter; Charlottes deathWhat is the central message? Click, Clack, MooUnfair work practices can result in a strike  Cite evidence to prove it.  Cows refuse to give milk until they are provided electric blanketsWhat is the theme?  Pigeon Wants to Drive the BusSome requests (a pigeon driving a bus) are too ridiculous to allow, no matter how noisy and loud the requests from a frustrated pigeon become.What is the topic? WonderA young boys deformity can make his peers uncomfortable...until they get to know him. Once they do, they realize that a person cannot be measured by appearance.Where does the author prove the intended message?  Last Stop on Market StreetIn walking around an urban setting, CJs Grandmother tells him, â€Å"  Sometimes when youre surrounded by dirt...your e a better witness for whats  beautiful. Examples with Middle/High School Literature Here are the  same questions applied to traditional middle/high school selections in literature: What are key ideas or details?  John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men:  Friendship: Lenny (large and slow) George (small and wily); unlikely pair; protectionAnimals: mouse, puppy, dog, rabbitsDreams: home ownership, stardomWhat is the central message?  Suzanne Collinss The Hunger Games Trilogy:  Strict and inhumane political policies result in revolution  Cite evidence to prove it.  Katniss wins the Hunger Games Competition that requires mortal combat beginning at age 12 for entertainment; her skills lead the rebellion that destroys the inhumane practice.What is the theme?  Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird:Racism in a community changes the lives of those who live there.Cite evidence to prove it?  Ã‚  Ã‚  A white woman’s accusation of rape against a black man expose racism in a Southern community that results in death -Tom Robinson, Bob Euwell- and redemption, Boo RadleyWhat is the topic?  The poem  Ulysses by Lord Alfred Tennyson:  Growing old after a life of adventure is unsettling  Cite evidence to prove it.How dull it is to pause, to make an end,/To rust unburnishd, not to shine in use!Where does the author prove the intended message?  Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet: â€Å"Do with their deaths, bury their parent’s strife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Moreover, all five questions  of the above meet the Reading Anchor Standard #2  outlined in the Common Core State Standards for all grades: Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. Common Core Grade Level Questions In addition to these five anchor questions are other Common Core-aligned question stems that can be posed at each grade level to address an increase in rigor: Grade 6: What does the story suggest about life? What details support this thinking?  Grade 7:  Provide an example of how the theme recurs in the text.Grade 8: How does the development of character, setting, and/ or plot contribute to the central theme or idea?Grades 9/10: How can you objectively summarize the text?Grade 11/12:  Is one theme/central idea more significant than another? Why? Each question by grade level also addresses the Reading Literature Anchor Standard 2. Using these questions means that teachers do not need black-line masters, CD-ROMs, or pre-prepared quizzes to prepare students to identify a theme. Repeated exposure to any of these questions on any piece of literature is recommended for any assessment, from classroom tests to the SAT or ACT. All stories have theme in their DNA. The questions above allow students to recognize that how an author inferred these genetic traits in the most human of artistic endeavors†¦.the story.